Palabras clave
vía aérea superior, CBCT, evaluación clínica, ortodoncia.
Cómo citar
Evaluación de la Vía Aérea superior en Ortodoncia. Revisión Narrativa. (2019). Odontoestomatología, 19(30), 40-51. https://www.odon.edu.uy/ojs/index.php/ode/article/view/172
Resumen
Introducción: La valoración de la vía aérea es parte del diario trabajo del ortodoncista, odontopediatra, otorrino, fonoaudiólogo, etc. debido su interrelación
con el desarrollo de las estructuras craneofaciales, así como también con patologías como el Sindrome Apnea Obtructiva del Sueño. Objetivo: Recordar los limites, funciones y anomalías de la vía aérea superior, informar acerca de los métodos para su evaluación, así como evaluar el nivel de información y precisión diagnóstica de los exámenes complemetarios, (cefalometría lateral y cone beam). Materiales y Metodo: La búsqueda se realizó por Pubmed con palabras clave y solo se seleccionaron los que tenían menos de 5 años, de éstos se excluyeron a partir del título los que se consideraron irrelevantes para la revisión. Fueron leídos 46 resúmenes y seleccionados 38 articulos. Conclusiones: Es fundamental conocer métodos de evaluación de vía aérea que incluyen; un examen
clínico, evaluación radiográfca y de Conebeam, éstos alertan de alteraciones que interferen en el tratamiento
Referencias
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2. Compadretti G, Tasca I, Bonetti G. Nasal airway measurements in children treated by rapid maxillary expansion. Am J Rhinology. 2006; 20 (4): 385–393
3. De Felippe NLO, Bhushan N, Da Silveira AC, Viana G, Smith B. Long-term effects of orthodontic therapy on the maxillary dental arch50 Erwin Rojas, Rodrigo Corvalán, Eduardo Messen, Paulo Sandoval and nasal cavity. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2009; 136 (4): 490.e1–e8.
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5. Togeiro SM, Chaves CM, Palombini L, Tufk S. Evaluation of the upper airway in obstructive sleep apnoea. In Indian J. Med. Res. 2010; 131(2): 230–235.
6. McNamara, J. A.: A method of cephalometric evaluation. Am J Orthod. 1984; 86 (6): 449–469.
7. Martín J, Cassade S. Evaluación Funcional de la Vía aérea. Neumol Pediatr. 2012; 7 (2): 61-66
8. Villanueva P, Zepeda A, Lizana M, Fernández M, Palomino H. Efectividad en la detección de la permeabilidad nasal funcional: Presentación de un método clínico. Rev Ch Ort. 2008; 25 (2): 98-106
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10. El H, Palomo MJ. Measuring the airway in 3 dimensions: a reliability and accuracy study. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2010; 137 (4): S50.e1-9.
11. El H, Palomo MJ. Airway volume for different dentofacial skeletal patterns. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2011; 139 (6): e511-21.
12. Pirilä-Parkkinen K, Löppönen H, Nieminen P, Tolonen U, Pääkkö E, Pirttiniemi P : Validity of upper airway assessment in children: a clinical, cephalometric, and MRI study. Angle Orthod 2011; 81 (3): 433–439.
13. Kim JH, Guilleminault C. The nasomaxillary complex, the mandible, and sleep-disordered breathing. Sleep Breath 2011; 15 (2): 185–193.
14. Vizzotto MB, Liedke GS, Delamare EL, Silveira HD, Dutra V. A comparative study of lateral cephalograms and cone-beam computed tomographic images in upper airway assessment. Eur J Orthod 2012: 34 (3): 390–393.
15. Battagel JM Postural variation in oropharyngeal dimensions in subjects with sleep disordered breathing: a cephalometric study. The European Journal of Orthodontics 2012: 24 (3): 263–276.
16. Malkoc S, Usumez S, Nur M, Donaghy CE. Reproducibility of airway dimensions and tongue and hyoid positions on lateral cephalograms. American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics 2005: 128 (4): 513–516.
17. Katyal V, Pamula Y, Martin AJ, Daynes CN, Kennedy JD, Sampson JW. Craniofacial and
upper airway morphology in pediatric sleepdisordered breathing: Systematic review and meta-analysis. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2013; 143 (1): 20-30.e3.
18. Solow B, Skov S, Ovesen J, Norup PW, Wildschiødtz G. Airway dimensions and head posture in obstructive sleep apnoea. Eur J Orthod. 1996; 18 (6): 571–579.
19. Fujioka M, Young L W, Girdany BR. Radiographic evaluation of adenoidal size in children: adenoidal-nasopharyngeal ratio. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 1979; 133 (3): 401–404.
20. Xin-Feng A, Gang-Li. Comparative analysis of upper airway volumewith lateral cephalograms and cone-beam computed tomography. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2015; 147 (2): 197-204.
21. Matiñó E, Manel J, Rubert A, Bellet L. Trastornos de respiración obstructivos del sueño en los niños. Acta otorrinolaringológica española. 2010; 61 (1): 40-44.
22. Guijarro MR, Swennen GRJ. Cone-beam computerized tomography imaging and analysis of the upper airway: a systematic review of the literature. International Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery. 2011; 40 (11): 1227–1237.
23. Ghoneima A, Kula K. Accuracy and reliability of cone-beam computed tomography for airway volume analysis. In Eur J Orthod. 2013; 35 (2): 256–261.
24. Van Vlijmen OJ, Kuijpers MA, Bergé SJ, Schols JG, Matal TJ, Breuning H, Kuijpers-Jagtman AM. Evidence supporting the use of cone-beam computed tomography in orthodontics. In J Am Dent Assoc.2012; 143 (3): 241–252.
25. Celenk M, Farrell ML, Eren H, Kumar K, Singh G, Lozanoff S. Upper airway detection and visualization from cone beam image slices. In J Xray Sci Technol.2010; 18 (2): 121–135.
26. Echarri P. tratamiento ortodóncico y tratamiento ortopédico/funcional de primera fase. Echarri P. Tratamiento ortodóncico y ortopédico de primera fase en dentición mixta 2da ed. Barcelona: Nexus médica, 2009.p55-59.
27. McCrillis JM, Haskell J, Haskell BS, Brammer M, Chenin D, Scarfe WC, Farman AG. Obstructive Sleep Apnea and the Use of Cone Beam Computed Tomography in Airway Imaging: A Review. In Seminars in Orthodontics. 2009; 15 (1): 63–69.
28. Kaur S, Rai M, Kaur M. Comparison of reliability of lateral cephalogram and computed tomography for assessment of airway space. Niger J Clin Pract. 2014; 17 (5): 629-36.
29. Dalmau E, Zamora N, Tarazona B. A comparative study of the pharyngeal airway space, measured with cone beam computed tomography, between patients with different craniofacial morphologies. Journal of Craneo-Maxilofacial surgery. 2015; 43 (8): 1438–1446.
30. Castro SL, Silva M. Cone-beam evaluation of pharyngeal airway space in class I, II, and III patients. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol 2015; 120 (6): 679-683.
31. Weissheimer A, Menezes LM, Sameshima GT, Enciso R, Pham J, Grauer D. Imaging software accuracy for 3-dimensional analysis of the upper airway. In Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2012; 142 (6): 801–813.
32. El H, Palomo JM. An airway study of different maxillary and mandibular sagittal positions. Eur J Orthod. 2013; 35 (2): 262–270.
33. Feres MFN, De Sousa H, Francisco SM, Pignatari SSN. Reliability of radiographic parameters in adenoid evaluation. In Braz J Otorhinolaryngol. 2012;78 (4): 80-90
34. Lenza MG, Lenza MM, Dalstra M, Melsen B, Cattaneo PM. An analysis of different approaches to the assessment of upper airway morphology: a CBCT study. In Orthod Craniofac Res. 2012; 13 (2): 96–105.
35. Lorenzoni DC, Bolognese AM, Garib DG, Guedes FR, Sant’Anna EF. Cone-Beam Computed Tomography and Radiographs in Dentistry: Aspects Related to Radiation Dose. International Journal of Dentistry. 2012; 18 (1): 1–10.
36. Ogawa N, Miyazaki Y, Kubota M, Huang A, Maki K. Application of cone beam CT 3D images to cephalometric analysis. Orthodontic Waves. 2010; 69 (4): 138–150.
37. Raffat A, ul Hamid W. Cephalometric assessment of patients with adenoidal faces. J Pak Med Assoc.2009; 59 (11): 747–752.
38. Zettergren-Wijk L, Forsberg CM, Linder-Aronson S. Changes in dentofacial morphology after adeno-/tonsillectomy in young children with obstructive sleep apnoea, a 5-year follow-up study. Eur J Orthod.2006; 28 (4): 319–326
2. Compadretti G, Tasca I, Bonetti G. Nasal airway measurements in children treated by rapid maxillary expansion. Am J Rhinology. 2006; 20 (4): 385–393
3. De Felippe NLO, Bhushan N, Da Silveira AC, Viana G, Smith B. Long-term effects of orthodontic therapy on the maxillary dental arch50 Erwin Rojas, Rodrigo Corvalán, Eduardo Messen, Paulo Sandoval and nasal cavity. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2009; 136 (4): 490.e1–e8.
4. Isaac A., Major M, Witmans M, Alrajhi Y, Flores-Mir C, Major P, Alsufyani N, Korayem M, El-Hakim H. Correlations between acoustic rhinometry, subjective symptoms, and endoscopic fndings in symptomatic children with nasal obstruction. JAMA Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2015; 141 (6): 550-5.
5. Togeiro SM, Chaves CM, Palombini L, Tufk S. Evaluation of the upper airway in obstructive sleep apnoea. In Indian J. Med. Res. 2010; 131(2): 230–235.
6. McNamara, J. A.: A method of cephalometric evaluation. Am J Orthod. 1984; 86 (6): 449–469.
7. Martín J, Cassade S. Evaluación Funcional de la Vía aérea. Neumol Pediatr. 2012; 7 (2): 61-66
8. Villanueva P, Zepeda A, Lizana M, Fernández M, Palomino H. Efectividad en la detección de la permeabilidad nasal funcional: Presentación de un método clínico. Rev Ch Ort. 2008; 25 (2): 98-106
9. Claudino LV, Matoos CT, Ruellas AC, Sant’Anna EF. Pharyngeal airway characterization in adolescents related to facial skeletal pattern: a preliminary study. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2013: 143 (6): 799–809.
10. El H, Palomo MJ. Measuring the airway in 3 dimensions: a reliability and accuracy study. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2010; 137 (4): S50.e1-9.
11. El H, Palomo MJ. Airway volume for different dentofacial skeletal patterns. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2011; 139 (6): e511-21.
12. Pirilä-Parkkinen K, Löppönen H, Nieminen P, Tolonen U, Pääkkö E, Pirttiniemi P : Validity of upper airway assessment in children: a clinical, cephalometric, and MRI study. Angle Orthod 2011; 81 (3): 433–439.
13. Kim JH, Guilleminault C. The nasomaxillary complex, the mandible, and sleep-disordered breathing. Sleep Breath 2011; 15 (2): 185–193.
14. Vizzotto MB, Liedke GS, Delamare EL, Silveira HD, Dutra V. A comparative study of lateral cephalograms and cone-beam computed tomographic images in upper airway assessment. Eur J Orthod 2012: 34 (3): 390–393.
15. Battagel JM Postural variation in oropharyngeal dimensions in subjects with sleep disordered breathing: a cephalometric study. The European Journal of Orthodontics 2012: 24 (3): 263–276.
16. Malkoc S, Usumez S, Nur M, Donaghy CE. Reproducibility of airway dimensions and tongue and hyoid positions on lateral cephalograms. American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics 2005: 128 (4): 513–516.
17. Katyal V, Pamula Y, Martin AJ, Daynes CN, Kennedy JD, Sampson JW. Craniofacial and
upper airway morphology in pediatric sleepdisordered breathing: Systematic review and meta-analysis. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2013; 143 (1): 20-30.e3.
18. Solow B, Skov S, Ovesen J, Norup PW, Wildschiødtz G. Airway dimensions and head posture in obstructive sleep apnoea. Eur J Orthod. 1996; 18 (6): 571–579.
19. Fujioka M, Young L W, Girdany BR. Radiographic evaluation of adenoidal size in children: adenoidal-nasopharyngeal ratio. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 1979; 133 (3): 401–404.
20. Xin-Feng A, Gang-Li. Comparative analysis of upper airway volumewith lateral cephalograms and cone-beam computed tomography. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2015; 147 (2): 197-204.
21. Matiñó E, Manel J, Rubert A, Bellet L. Trastornos de respiración obstructivos del sueño en los niños. Acta otorrinolaringológica española. 2010; 61 (1): 40-44.
22. Guijarro MR, Swennen GRJ. Cone-beam computerized tomography imaging and analysis of the upper airway: a systematic review of the literature. International Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery. 2011; 40 (11): 1227–1237.
23. Ghoneima A, Kula K. Accuracy and reliability of cone-beam computed tomography for airway volume analysis. In Eur J Orthod. 2013; 35 (2): 256–261.
24. Van Vlijmen OJ, Kuijpers MA, Bergé SJ, Schols JG, Matal TJ, Breuning H, Kuijpers-Jagtman AM. Evidence supporting the use of cone-beam computed tomography in orthodontics. In J Am Dent Assoc.2012; 143 (3): 241–252.
25. Celenk M, Farrell ML, Eren H, Kumar K, Singh G, Lozanoff S. Upper airway detection and visualization from cone beam image slices. In J Xray Sci Technol.2010; 18 (2): 121–135.
26. Echarri P. tratamiento ortodóncico y tratamiento ortopédico/funcional de primera fase. Echarri P. Tratamiento ortodóncico y ortopédico de primera fase en dentición mixta 2da ed. Barcelona: Nexus médica, 2009.p55-59.
27. McCrillis JM, Haskell J, Haskell BS, Brammer M, Chenin D, Scarfe WC, Farman AG. Obstructive Sleep Apnea and the Use of Cone Beam Computed Tomography in Airway Imaging: A Review. In Seminars in Orthodontics. 2009; 15 (1): 63–69.
28. Kaur S, Rai M, Kaur M. Comparison of reliability of lateral cephalogram and computed tomography for assessment of airway space. Niger J Clin Pract. 2014; 17 (5): 629-36.
29. Dalmau E, Zamora N, Tarazona B. A comparative study of the pharyngeal airway space, measured with cone beam computed tomography, between patients with different craniofacial morphologies. Journal of Craneo-Maxilofacial surgery. 2015; 43 (8): 1438–1446.
30. Castro SL, Silva M. Cone-beam evaluation of pharyngeal airway space in class I, II, and III patients. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol 2015; 120 (6): 679-683.
31. Weissheimer A, Menezes LM, Sameshima GT, Enciso R, Pham J, Grauer D. Imaging software accuracy for 3-dimensional analysis of the upper airway. In Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2012; 142 (6): 801–813.
32. El H, Palomo JM. An airway study of different maxillary and mandibular sagittal positions. Eur J Orthod. 2013; 35 (2): 262–270.
33. Feres MFN, De Sousa H, Francisco SM, Pignatari SSN. Reliability of radiographic parameters in adenoid evaluation. In Braz J Otorhinolaryngol. 2012;78 (4): 80-90
34. Lenza MG, Lenza MM, Dalstra M, Melsen B, Cattaneo PM. An analysis of different approaches to the assessment of upper airway morphology: a CBCT study. In Orthod Craniofac Res. 2012; 13 (2): 96–105.
35. Lorenzoni DC, Bolognese AM, Garib DG, Guedes FR, Sant’Anna EF. Cone-Beam Computed Tomography and Radiographs in Dentistry: Aspects Related to Radiation Dose. International Journal of Dentistry. 2012; 18 (1): 1–10.
36. Ogawa N, Miyazaki Y, Kubota M, Huang A, Maki K. Application of cone beam CT 3D images to cephalometric analysis. Orthodontic Waves. 2010; 69 (4): 138–150.
37. Raffat A, ul Hamid W. Cephalometric assessment of patients with adenoidal faces. J Pak Med Assoc.2009; 59 (11): 747–752.
38. Zettergren-Wijk L, Forsberg CM, Linder-Aronson S. Changes in dentofacial morphology after adeno-/tonsillectomy in young children with obstructive sleep apnoea, a 5-year follow-up study. Eur J Orthod.2006; 28 (4): 319–326