Palabras clave
bruxismo
evaluación ecológica momentánea
evaluación ecológica momentánea
Cómo citar
Bruxismo de la vigilia. (2023). Odontoestomatología, 25(41), 14. https://doi.org/10.22592/ode2023n41e323
Resumen
El bruxismo del sueño ha sido extensamente estudiado en las últimas décadas pero aún persiste una considerable controversia científica en relación al bruxismo de la vigilia. El presente trabajo de revisión se focalizó en este tema, incluyendo 45 artículos publicados entre los años 2011 al año 2020. Los consensos internacionales plantean avances en nuevas clasificaciones diagnósticas, que contemplan herramientas como cuestionarios, examen clínico, electromiografía, polisomnografía, evaluación ecológica momentánea y métodos de muestreo de experiencias. Se considera al bruxismo de la vigilia un problema comportamental, pasible de ser tratado mediante terapias comportamentales que lo controlen. La evaluación ecológica momentánea permite capturar información comportamental en tiempo real y se presenta como una herramienta valiosa para el diagnóstico y evaluación del bruxismo de la vigilia. A pesar de numerosos avances presentados en esta revisión, aún se requieren estudios que exploren esta área del conocimiento, especialmente en los mecanismos fisiopatológicos y los posibles tratamientos.
Referencias
1. Moulika J S, Reddy S, Mohan K, Manthri R, Kalawat TC. Hyperphysiological F-18 fludeoxyglucose uptake of masticator muscles in a case of awake bruxism. Indian Journal Of Nuclear Medicine. 2018; 33(4): 342. doi: 10.4103/ijnm.ijnm_71_18
2. Lobbezoo F, Ahlberg J, Glaros AG, Kato T, Lavigne G, de Leeuw R, et al. Bruxism defined and graded: an international consensus. Journal of Oral Rehabilitation. 2013; 40(1): 2-4. doi: 10.1111/joor.12011
3. Winocur E, Messer T, Eli I, Emodi-Perlman A, Kedem R, Reiter S, et al. Awake and Sleep Bruxism Among Israeli Adolescents. Frontiers In Neurology. 2019; 10(449): 1-9. doi: 10.3389/fneur.2019.00443
4. Osiewicz M, Lobbezoo F, Bracci A, Ahlberg J, Pytko-Po J, Manfredini D. Ecological Momentary Assessment and Intervention Principles for the Study of Awake Bruxism Behaviors, Part 2: Development of a Smartphone Application for a Multicenter Investigation and Chronological Translation for the Polish Version. Frontiers In Neurology. 2019; 10 (170): 1-6 doi: 10.3389/fneur.2019.00170
5. Manfredini D, Winocur E, Guarda-Nardini L, Paesani D, Lobbezoo F. Epidemiology of bruxism in adults. A systematic review of literature. J Orofac Pain. 2013; 27: 99‐110. doi:10.11607/jop.921
6. Riva R, Sanguinetti M, Rodríguez A, Guzzetti L, Lorenzo S, Álvarez R, et al. Prevalencia de trastornos témporo mandibulares y bruxismo en Uruguay PARTE I. Odontoestomatología. 2011; 13(17): 54-71.
7. Lobbezoo F, Ahlberg J, Rafael KG, Wetselaar P, Glaros AG, Kato T, et al. International consensus on the assessment of bruxism: Report of a work in progress. Journal of Oral Rehabilitation. 2018; 45(11): 837-844. doi:10.1111/joor.12663.
8. Manfredini D, Ahlberg J, Aarab G, Bracci A, Durham J, Ettlin D, et al. Towards a Standardized Tool for the Assessment of Bruxism (STAB)- Overview and general remarks of a multidimensional bruxism evaluation system. Journal Of Oral Rehabilitation. 2020; 47(5): 549-556. doi: 10.1111/joor.12938
9. Raphael KG, Santiago V, Lobbezoo F. Is bruxism a disorder or a behaviour? Rethinking the international consensus on defining and grading of bruxism. J Oral Rehabil. 2016; 43(10): 791-798. doi:10.1111/joor.12413
10. Ali Quadri M, Mahnash A, Al Almutahhir A, Tubayqi H, Hakami A, Arishi M, et al. Association of Awake Bruxism with Khat, Coffee, Tobacco, and Stress among Jazan University Students. International Journal Of Dentistry. 2015; 1-5. doi: 10.1155/2015/842096
11. Lai MM. Awake bruxism in a patient with Alzheimer’s dementia. Geriatr Gerontol Int. 2013; 13(4): 1076-7. doi: 10.1111/ggi.12086.
12. Rezazadeh A, Uddin M, Snead O, Lira V, Silberberg A, Weiss S, et al. STXBP1 encephalopathy is associated with awake bruxism. Epilepsy & Behavior. 2019; 92, 121-124. doi: 10.1016/j.yebeh.2018.12.018
13. Sierwald I, John M, Schierz O, Hirsch C, Sagheri D, Jost-Brinkmann P, et al. Association of temporomandibular disorder pain with awake and sleep bruxism in adults. Journal Of Orofacial Orthopedics. 2015; 76(4): 305-317. doi: 10.1007/s00056-015-0293-5
14. Falisi G, Rastelli C, Panti F, Maglione H, Quezada Arcega R. Psychotropic drugs and bruxism. Expert Opinion on Drug Safety, 2014; 13(10): 1319-1326. doi: 10.1517/14740338.2014.947262
15. Fuentes A, Martínez K, Miralles R, Gutiérrez M, Santander H, Fresno M, et al. Electromyographic activity during awake tooth grinding tasks at different jaw posture in the sagittal plane. Acta Odontologica Scandinavica. 2013; 71(3-4): 917-922. doi: 10.3109/00016357.2012.734418
16. Zani A, Lobbezoo F, Bracci A, Ahlberg J, Manfredini D. Ecological Momentary Assessment and Intervention Principles for the Study of Awake Bruxism Behaviors, Part 1: General Principles and Preliminary Data on Healthy Young Italian Adults. Frontiers In Neurology. 2019; 10(169): 1-5. doi: 10.3389/fneur.2019.00169
17. Manfredini D, Bracci A, Djukic G. BruxApp: The ecological momentary assessment of awake bruxism. Minerva stomatologica. 2016; 65(4): 252-255.
18. Nakayama R, Nishiyama A, Shimada M. Bruxism-Related Signs and Periodontal Disease: A Preliminary Study. The Open Dentistry Journal, 2018; 12(1): 400-405. doi: 10.2174/1874210601812010400
19. Saito‐Murakami K, Sato M, Otsuka H, Miura H, Terada N, Fujisawa M. Daytime masticatory muscle electromyography biofeedback regulates the phasic component of sleep bruxism. Journal Of Oral Rehabilitation. 2020; 47(7): 827-833. doi: 10.1111/joor.12979
20. Manfredini D, Ahlberg J, Wetselaar P, Svensson P, Lobbezoo F. The bruxism construct: From cutoff
points to a continuum spectrum. Journal Of Oral Rehabilitation. 2019; 46(11): 991-997. doi:
10.1111/joor.12833.
21. Serra-Negra J, Lobbezoo F, Martins C, Stellini E, Manfredini D. Prevalence of sleep bruxism and awake bruxism in different chronotype profiles: Hypothesis of an association, Medical Hypotheses. 2017; 101: 55-58 doi: 10.1016/j.mehy.2017.01.024
22. Luco, Ken. A Study on How Primary and Secondary Sleep Bruxism Effect the Trigeminal Cardiac Reflex. Journal of Sleep Disorders: Treatment and Care. 2018; 7. doi 10.4172/2325-9639.1000218.
23. Cioffi I, Landino D, Donnarumma V, Castroflorio T, Lobbezoo F, Michelotti A. Frequency of daytime tooth clenching episodes in individuals affected by masticatory muscle pain and pain-free controls during standardized ability tasks. Clinical Oral Investigations. 2016; 21(4): 1139-1148. doi: 10.1007/s00784-016-1870-8
24. Fujisawa M, Kanemura K, Tanabe N, Gohdo Y, Watanabe A, Iizuka T, et al. Determination of daytime clenching events in subjects with and without self-reported clenching. Journal of Oral Rehabilitation. 2013; 40(10): 731-736. doi: 10.1111/joor.12087
25. Kawakami S, Kumazaki Y, Manda Y,Oki K, Minagi S. Specific Diurnal EMG Activity Pattern Observed in Occlusal Collapse Patients: Relationship between Diurnal Bruxism and Tooth Loss Progression. Plos one. 2014; 9(7): e101882. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0101882
26. de Baat C, Verhoeff M, Ahlberg J, Manfredini D, Winocur E, Zweers P, et al Medications and addictive substances potentially inducing or attenuating sleep bruxism and/or awake bruxism. Journal Of Oral Rehabilitation. 2020; 48(3): 343-354. doi: 10.1111/joor.13061
27. Melo G, Duarte J, Pauletto P, Porporatti A, Stuginski-Barbosa J, Winocur E, et al. Bruxism: An umbrella review of systematic reviews. Journal Of Oral Rehabilitation. 2019; doi: 10.1111/joor.12801
28. Ahlberg J, Piirtola M, Lobbezoo F, Manfredini D, Korhonen T, Aarab G, et al. Correlates and genetics of self‐reported sleep and awake bruxism in a nation wide twin cohort. Journal of Oral Rehabilitation. 2020; 47(9): 1110-1119. doi: 10.1111/joor.13042
29. Câmara-Souza M, Guimarães Carvalho A, Costa Figueredo O, Bracci A, Manfredini D, Rodrigues Garcia R. Awake bruxism frequency and psychosocial factors in college preparatory students. CRANIO ®. 2020; 1-7. doi:10.1080/08869634.2020.1829289
30. Čalić A, Peterlin B. Epigenetics and Bruxism: Possible Role of Epigenetics in the Etiology of Bruxism. The International Journal of Prosthodontics. 2015; 28(6): 594-599. doi: 10.11607/ijp.4126
31. Serra-Negra J, Dias R, Rodrigues M, Aguiar S, Auad S, Pordeus I, et al. Self-reported awake bruxism and chronotype profile: a multicenter study on Brazilian, Portuguese and Italian dental students. CRANIO®. 2019; 39(2): 113-118. doi: 10.1080/08869634.2019.1587854
32. Toyama N, Ekuni D, Taniguchi-Tabata A, Kataoka K, Yamane-Takeuchi M, Fujimori K, et al. Awareness of Clenching and Underweight are Risk Factors for Onset of Crowding in Young Adults: A Prospective 3-Year Cohort Study. International Journal Of Environmental Research And Public Health, 2019; 16(5): 690. doi: 10.3390/ijerph16050690
33. Serra-Negra J, Scarpelli A, Tirsa-Costa D, Guimaraes H, Pordeus I, Paiva S. Sleep Bruxism, Awake Bruxism and Sleep Quality among Brazilian Dental Students: A Cross-Sectional Study. Brazilian Dental Journal, 2014; 25(3): 241-247. doi: 10.1590/0103-6440201302429.
34. Colonna A, Lombardo L, Siciliani G, Bracci A, Guarda-Nardini L, Djukic G,et al Smartphone-based application for EMA assessment of awake bruxism: compliance evaluation in a sample of healthy young adults. Clinical Oral Investigations. 2019; 24(4): 1395-1400. doi: 10.1007/s00784-019-03098-2
35. Reissmann D, John M, Aigner A, Schön G, Sierwald I, Schiffman E. Interaction Between Awake and Sleep Bruxism Is Associated with Increased Presence of Painful Temporomandibular Disorder. Journal Of Oral & Facial Pain And Headache. 2017; 31(4): 299-305. doi: 10.11607/ofph.1885
36. Wetselaar P, Vermaire J.H, Lobbezoo F, Schuller A. The prevalence of awake bruxism and sleep bruxism in the Dutch adolescent population. Journal Of Oral Rehabilitation. 2020; 48(2): 143-149. doi: 10.1111/joor.131X17
37. Rofaeel M, Chi-Fai Chow J, Cioffi I. The intensity of awake bruxism episodes is increased in individuals with high trait anxiety. Clinical Oral Investigations. 2020; 25(5): 3197-3206. doi: 10.1007/ s00784-020-03650-5
38. Paesani D, Lobbezoo F, Gelos C, Guarda-Nardini L, Ahlberg J, Manfredini D. Correlation between self-reported and clinically based diagnoses of bruxism in temporomandibular disorder patients. Journal of oral rehabilitation. 2013; 40(11): 803-809. doi: 10.1111/joor.12101.
39. Emodi Perlman A, Lobbezoo F, Zar A, Friedman Rubin P, van Selms M.K.A., Winocur, E. Self-Reported bruxism and associated factors in Israeli adolescents. J Oral Rehabil. 2016; 43: 443-450. doi: 10.1111/joor.12391
40. Goldstein R, Auclair Clark W. The clinical management of awake bruxism. The Journal of the American Dental Association. 2017; 148(6): 387-391. doi: 10.1016/j.adaj.2017.03.005
41. Yamaguchi T, Mikami S, Saito M, Okada K, Gotouda A. A newly developed ultraminiature wearable electromyogram system useful for analyses of masseteric activity during the whole day. Journal Of Prosthodontic Research. 2017; 62(1): 110-115. doi: 10.1016/j.jpor.2017.04.001
42. Castellanos, J.L. Bruxismo. Nociones y conceptos. Revista ADM. 2015; 72(2): 63-69. Obtenido de: https://www.medigraphic.com/pdfs/adm/od-2015/od152c.pdf
43. Funato M, Ono Y, Baba K, Kudo Y. Evaluation of the non‐functional tooth contact in patients with temporomandibular disorders by using newly developed electronic system. Journal Of Oral Rehabilitation. 2014; 41(3): 170-176. doi: 10.1111/joor.12129
44. Bracci A, Djukic G, Favero L, Salmaso L, Guarda-Nardini L, Manfredini D. Frequency of awake bruxism behaviours in the natural environment. A 7-day, multiple-point observation of real-time report in healthy young adults. Journal of Oral Rehabilitation. 2018; 45(6): 423-429. doi: 10.1111/joor.12627
45. Saito T, Yamaguchi T, Mikami S, Saito M, Nakajima T, Yachida W, et al. Minimum measurement time of masseteric electromyogram required for assessment of awake bruxism during the daytime. CRANIO ®. 2019; 1-8. doi: 10.1080/08869634.2019.1704982
2. Lobbezoo F, Ahlberg J, Glaros AG, Kato T, Lavigne G, de Leeuw R, et al. Bruxism defined and graded: an international consensus. Journal of Oral Rehabilitation. 2013; 40(1): 2-4. doi: 10.1111/joor.12011
3. Winocur E, Messer T, Eli I, Emodi-Perlman A, Kedem R, Reiter S, et al. Awake and Sleep Bruxism Among Israeli Adolescents. Frontiers In Neurology. 2019; 10(449): 1-9. doi: 10.3389/fneur.2019.00443
4. Osiewicz M, Lobbezoo F, Bracci A, Ahlberg J, Pytko-Po J, Manfredini D. Ecological Momentary Assessment and Intervention Principles for the Study of Awake Bruxism Behaviors, Part 2: Development of a Smartphone Application for a Multicenter Investigation and Chronological Translation for the Polish Version. Frontiers In Neurology. 2019; 10 (170): 1-6 doi: 10.3389/fneur.2019.00170
5. Manfredini D, Winocur E, Guarda-Nardini L, Paesani D, Lobbezoo F. Epidemiology of bruxism in adults. A systematic review of literature. J Orofac Pain. 2013; 27: 99‐110. doi:10.11607/jop.921
6. Riva R, Sanguinetti M, Rodríguez A, Guzzetti L, Lorenzo S, Álvarez R, et al. Prevalencia de trastornos témporo mandibulares y bruxismo en Uruguay PARTE I. Odontoestomatología. 2011; 13(17): 54-71.
7. Lobbezoo F, Ahlberg J, Rafael KG, Wetselaar P, Glaros AG, Kato T, et al. International consensus on the assessment of bruxism: Report of a work in progress. Journal of Oral Rehabilitation. 2018; 45(11): 837-844. doi:10.1111/joor.12663.
8. Manfredini D, Ahlberg J, Aarab G, Bracci A, Durham J, Ettlin D, et al. Towards a Standardized Tool for the Assessment of Bruxism (STAB)- Overview and general remarks of a multidimensional bruxism evaluation system. Journal Of Oral Rehabilitation. 2020; 47(5): 549-556. doi: 10.1111/joor.12938
9. Raphael KG, Santiago V, Lobbezoo F. Is bruxism a disorder or a behaviour? Rethinking the international consensus on defining and grading of bruxism. J Oral Rehabil. 2016; 43(10): 791-798. doi:10.1111/joor.12413
10. Ali Quadri M, Mahnash A, Al Almutahhir A, Tubayqi H, Hakami A, Arishi M, et al. Association of Awake Bruxism with Khat, Coffee, Tobacco, and Stress among Jazan University Students. International Journal Of Dentistry. 2015; 1-5. doi: 10.1155/2015/842096
11. Lai MM. Awake bruxism in a patient with Alzheimer’s dementia. Geriatr Gerontol Int. 2013; 13(4): 1076-7. doi: 10.1111/ggi.12086.
12. Rezazadeh A, Uddin M, Snead O, Lira V, Silberberg A, Weiss S, et al. STXBP1 encephalopathy is associated with awake bruxism. Epilepsy & Behavior. 2019; 92, 121-124. doi: 10.1016/j.yebeh.2018.12.018
13. Sierwald I, John M, Schierz O, Hirsch C, Sagheri D, Jost-Brinkmann P, et al. Association of temporomandibular disorder pain with awake and sleep bruxism in adults. Journal Of Orofacial Orthopedics. 2015; 76(4): 305-317. doi: 10.1007/s00056-015-0293-5
14. Falisi G, Rastelli C, Panti F, Maglione H, Quezada Arcega R. Psychotropic drugs and bruxism. Expert Opinion on Drug Safety, 2014; 13(10): 1319-1326. doi: 10.1517/14740338.2014.947262
15. Fuentes A, Martínez K, Miralles R, Gutiérrez M, Santander H, Fresno M, et al. Electromyographic activity during awake tooth grinding tasks at different jaw posture in the sagittal plane. Acta Odontologica Scandinavica. 2013; 71(3-4): 917-922. doi: 10.3109/00016357.2012.734418
16. Zani A, Lobbezoo F, Bracci A, Ahlberg J, Manfredini D. Ecological Momentary Assessment and Intervention Principles for the Study of Awake Bruxism Behaviors, Part 1: General Principles and Preliminary Data on Healthy Young Italian Adults. Frontiers In Neurology. 2019; 10(169): 1-5. doi: 10.3389/fneur.2019.00169
17. Manfredini D, Bracci A, Djukic G. BruxApp: The ecological momentary assessment of awake bruxism. Minerva stomatologica. 2016; 65(4): 252-255.
18. Nakayama R, Nishiyama A, Shimada M. Bruxism-Related Signs and Periodontal Disease: A Preliminary Study. The Open Dentistry Journal, 2018; 12(1): 400-405. doi: 10.2174/1874210601812010400
19. Saito‐Murakami K, Sato M, Otsuka H, Miura H, Terada N, Fujisawa M. Daytime masticatory muscle electromyography biofeedback regulates the phasic component of sleep bruxism. Journal Of Oral Rehabilitation. 2020; 47(7): 827-833. doi: 10.1111/joor.12979
20. Manfredini D, Ahlberg J, Wetselaar P, Svensson P, Lobbezoo F. The bruxism construct: From cutoff
points to a continuum spectrum. Journal Of Oral Rehabilitation. 2019; 46(11): 991-997. doi:
10.1111/joor.12833.
21. Serra-Negra J, Lobbezoo F, Martins C, Stellini E, Manfredini D. Prevalence of sleep bruxism and awake bruxism in different chronotype profiles: Hypothesis of an association, Medical Hypotheses. 2017; 101: 55-58 doi: 10.1016/j.mehy.2017.01.024
22. Luco, Ken. A Study on How Primary and Secondary Sleep Bruxism Effect the Trigeminal Cardiac Reflex. Journal of Sleep Disorders: Treatment and Care. 2018; 7. doi 10.4172/2325-9639.1000218.
23. Cioffi I, Landino D, Donnarumma V, Castroflorio T, Lobbezoo F, Michelotti A. Frequency of daytime tooth clenching episodes in individuals affected by masticatory muscle pain and pain-free controls during standardized ability tasks. Clinical Oral Investigations. 2016; 21(4): 1139-1148. doi: 10.1007/s00784-016-1870-8
24. Fujisawa M, Kanemura K, Tanabe N, Gohdo Y, Watanabe A, Iizuka T, et al. Determination of daytime clenching events in subjects with and without self-reported clenching. Journal of Oral Rehabilitation. 2013; 40(10): 731-736. doi: 10.1111/joor.12087
25. Kawakami S, Kumazaki Y, Manda Y,Oki K, Minagi S. Specific Diurnal EMG Activity Pattern Observed in Occlusal Collapse Patients: Relationship between Diurnal Bruxism and Tooth Loss Progression. Plos one. 2014; 9(7): e101882. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0101882
26. de Baat C, Verhoeff M, Ahlberg J, Manfredini D, Winocur E, Zweers P, et al Medications and addictive substances potentially inducing or attenuating sleep bruxism and/or awake bruxism. Journal Of Oral Rehabilitation. 2020; 48(3): 343-354. doi: 10.1111/joor.13061
27. Melo G, Duarte J, Pauletto P, Porporatti A, Stuginski-Barbosa J, Winocur E, et al. Bruxism: An umbrella review of systematic reviews. Journal Of Oral Rehabilitation. 2019; doi: 10.1111/joor.12801
28. Ahlberg J, Piirtola M, Lobbezoo F, Manfredini D, Korhonen T, Aarab G, et al. Correlates and genetics of self‐reported sleep and awake bruxism in a nation wide twin cohort. Journal of Oral Rehabilitation. 2020; 47(9): 1110-1119. doi: 10.1111/joor.13042
29. Câmara-Souza M, Guimarães Carvalho A, Costa Figueredo O, Bracci A, Manfredini D, Rodrigues Garcia R. Awake bruxism frequency and psychosocial factors in college preparatory students. CRANIO ®. 2020; 1-7. doi:10.1080/08869634.2020.1829289
30. Čalić A, Peterlin B. Epigenetics and Bruxism: Possible Role of Epigenetics in the Etiology of Bruxism. The International Journal of Prosthodontics. 2015; 28(6): 594-599. doi: 10.11607/ijp.4126
31. Serra-Negra J, Dias R, Rodrigues M, Aguiar S, Auad S, Pordeus I, et al. Self-reported awake bruxism and chronotype profile: a multicenter study on Brazilian, Portuguese and Italian dental students. CRANIO®. 2019; 39(2): 113-118. doi: 10.1080/08869634.2019.1587854
32. Toyama N, Ekuni D, Taniguchi-Tabata A, Kataoka K, Yamane-Takeuchi M, Fujimori K, et al. Awareness of Clenching and Underweight are Risk Factors for Onset of Crowding in Young Adults: A Prospective 3-Year Cohort Study. International Journal Of Environmental Research And Public Health, 2019; 16(5): 690. doi: 10.3390/ijerph16050690
33. Serra-Negra J, Scarpelli A, Tirsa-Costa D, Guimaraes H, Pordeus I, Paiva S. Sleep Bruxism, Awake Bruxism and Sleep Quality among Brazilian Dental Students: A Cross-Sectional Study. Brazilian Dental Journal, 2014; 25(3): 241-247. doi: 10.1590/0103-6440201302429.
34. Colonna A, Lombardo L, Siciliani G, Bracci A, Guarda-Nardini L, Djukic G,et al Smartphone-based application for EMA assessment of awake bruxism: compliance evaluation in a sample of healthy young adults. Clinical Oral Investigations. 2019; 24(4): 1395-1400. doi: 10.1007/s00784-019-03098-2
35. Reissmann D, John M, Aigner A, Schön G, Sierwald I, Schiffman E. Interaction Between Awake and Sleep Bruxism Is Associated with Increased Presence of Painful Temporomandibular Disorder. Journal Of Oral & Facial Pain And Headache. 2017; 31(4): 299-305. doi: 10.11607/ofph.1885
36. Wetselaar P, Vermaire J.H, Lobbezoo F, Schuller A. The prevalence of awake bruxism and sleep bruxism in the Dutch adolescent population. Journal Of Oral Rehabilitation. 2020; 48(2): 143-149. doi: 10.1111/joor.131X17
37. Rofaeel M, Chi-Fai Chow J, Cioffi I. The intensity of awake bruxism episodes is increased in individuals with high trait anxiety. Clinical Oral Investigations. 2020; 25(5): 3197-3206. doi: 10.1007/ s00784-020-03650-5
38. Paesani D, Lobbezoo F, Gelos C, Guarda-Nardini L, Ahlberg J, Manfredini D. Correlation between self-reported and clinically based diagnoses of bruxism in temporomandibular disorder patients. Journal of oral rehabilitation. 2013; 40(11): 803-809. doi: 10.1111/joor.12101.
39. Emodi Perlman A, Lobbezoo F, Zar A, Friedman Rubin P, van Selms M.K.A., Winocur, E. Self-Reported bruxism and associated factors in Israeli adolescents. J Oral Rehabil. 2016; 43: 443-450. doi: 10.1111/joor.12391
40. Goldstein R, Auclair Clark W. The clinical management of awake bruxism. The Journal of the American Dental Association. 2017; 148(6): 387-391. doi: 10.1016/j.adaj.2017.03.005
41. Yamaguchi T, Mikami S, Saito M, Okada K, Gotouda A. A newly developed ultraminiature wearable electromyogram system useful for analyses of masseteric activity during the whole day. Journal Of Prosthodontic Research. 2017; 62(1): 110-115. doi: 10.1016/j.jpor.2017.04.001
42. Castellanos, J.L. Bruxismo. Nociones y conceptos. Revista ADM. 2015; 72(2): 63-69. Obtenido de: https://www.medigraphic.com/pdfs/adm/od-2015/od152c.pdf
43. Funato M, Ono Y, Baba K, Kudo Y. Evaluation of the non‐functional tooth contact in patients with temporomandibular disorders by using newly developed electronic system. Journal Of Oral Rehabilitation. 2014; 41(3): 170-176. doi: 10.1111/joor.12129
44. Bracci A, Djukic G, Favero L, Salmaso L, Guarda-Nardini L, Manfredini D. Frequency of awake bruxism behaviours in the natural environment. A 7-day, multiple-point observation of real-time report in healthy young adults. Journal of Oral Rehabilitation. 2018; 45(6): 423-429. doi: 10.1111/joor.12627
45. Saito T, Yamaguchi T, Mikami S, Saito M, Nakajima T, Yachida W, et al. Minimum measurement time of masseteric electromyogram required for assessment of awake bruxism during the daytime. CRANIO ®. 2019; 1-8. doi: 10.1080/08869634.2019.1704982